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Valentina Ivanovna Matviyenko (, née Tyutina (Тю́тина; ); born 7 April 1949), is a Russian politician who was Governor of Saint Petersburg from 2003 to 2011 and has served as Chairman of the Federation Council since 2011. She is considered the highest-ranking female politician in Russia. Born in Ukraine, Matviyenko started her political career in the 1980s in Leningrad (now called Saint Petersburg) and was the First Secretary of the Krasnogvardeysky District Communist Party of the city from 1984 to 1986.〔(Valentina Matvienko ) at petersburgcity.com〕 In the 1990s she served as Russian ambassador to Malta (1991–1995) and Greece (1997–1998).〔 From 1998 to 2003 Matviyenko was Deputy Prime Minister for Welfare, and briefly the Presidential Envoy to the Northwestern Federal District in 2003. By that time she firmly allied herself with Russian President Vladimir Putin, an alliance which secured her a victory in the governor elections in Saint Petersburg, Putin's native city. Matviyenko became the first female leader of Saint Petersburg.〔(A journey from Saint Petersburg to Moscow ) RIAN〕 Since the start of her service as governor a significant share of taxation money was transferred from the federal budget to the local one, and along with the booming economy and improving investment climate the standard of living significantly increased in the city, making income levels much closer to Moscow and far above most other Russian federal subjects. The profile of Saint Petersburg in Russian politics has risen, marked by the transfer of the Constitutional Court of Russia from Moscow in 2008. Matviyenko developed a large number of megaprojects in housing and infrastructure, such as the construction of the Saint Petersburg Ring Road including the Big Obukhovsky Bridge (the only non-draw bridge over the Neva River in the city), completion of the Saint Petersburg Dam aimed to put an end to the infamous Saint Petersburg floods, launching Line 5 of Saint Petersburg Metro and starting land reclamation in the Neva Bay for the new Marine Facade of the city (the largest European waterfront development project)〔(Marine faсade ) Official website〕 containing the Passenger Port of St. Petersburg. Several major auto-producing companies were drawn to Saint Petersburg or its vicinity, including Toyota, General Motors, Nissan, Hyundai Motor, Suzuki, Magna International, Scania and MAN SE (all having plants in the Shushary industrial zone), thus turning the city into an important center of automotive industry in Russia, specializing on foreign brands. Another development of Matviyenko's governorship was tourism; by 2010 the number of tourists in Saint Petersburg doubled and reached 5.2 million, which placed the city among the top five tourist centers in Europe.〔(Saint Petersburg expects 5 million tourists by the end of the year ) RIAN〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Petersburg among the top five tourist centers in Europe )〕 Some actions and practices of governor Matviyenko have drawn significant criticisms from the Saint Petersburg public, media and opposition groups. In particular, new construction in already heavily built-up areas and several building projects were deemed to conflict with the classical architecture of the city, where the entire centre is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Some such projects eventually were cancelled or modified, like the controversial design of a 400-metre tall Okhta Center skyscraper, planned to be built adjacent to the historical center of the city, but after a public campaign and the personal involvement of Russian President Dmitry Medvedev it was relocated from Okhta to the Lakhta suburb. Another major point of criticism was Matviyenko's handling of the city's snow removal problems during the unusually cold and snowy winters of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011. On 22 August 2011, soon after completion of the Saint Petersburg Dam, Matviyenko resigned from office. As a member of the ruling United Russia party, on 21 September 2011 she was elected as Chairman of the Federation Council,〔(Matviyenko takes Russian upper house speaker post ) RIAN〕 the country's third-highest elected office. ==Early life== Valentina Tyutina was born in Shepetivka in the Khmelnytskyi Oblast of Western Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union. In 1972 she graduated from Leningrad Institute of Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, where she met her husband, Vladimir Vasiyevich Matviyenko. They had a son, Sergey, in 1973. She held various leadership positions within the Komsomol organization until 1984.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Valentina Matviyenko」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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